Drawing Paper - Revision history

Bcraig at 14:04, 4 December 2009

2009-12-04T14:04:10Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 14:04, 4 December 2009
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	==Footnotes==		==Footnotes==
	<references/>		<references/>
		+
		+	==See Also==
		+	*[[Architect's Scale]]
		+	*[[Divider]]
		+	*[[Folding Rule]]
		+	*[[Parallel Rule]]
		+	*[[Protractor]]
		+	*[[Single-Handed Divider]]
		+	*[[Scraper]]

	[[Category:Writing and Drawing Instruments]]		[[Category:Writing and Drawing Instruments]]
	[[Category:Architecture]]		[[Category:Architecture]]

Bcraig at 20:20, 2 December 2009

2009-12-02T20:20:51Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 20:20, 2 December 2009
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	Jefferson likely used the instruments illustrated here to make measured drawings, which were usually architectural. Recent studies of Jefferson's drawings reveal two techniques that he employed: pricking and scoring. Using a "pricker," a sharp pinlike object, Jefferson punctured sets of points in his drawings. These may have been used to lay out a new drawing or copy an existing one. Scoring employed a small, blunt tool called a scorer or tracer, to make indentations in paper that later could be filled in with ink or graphite.<ref>Charles Brownell, ed. [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=4235 ''The Making of Virginia Architecture''] (Richmond: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, 1992), 150-152.</ref>		Jefferson likely used the instruments illustrated here to make measured drawings, which were usually architectural. Recent studies of Jefferson's drawings reveal two techniques that he employed: pricking and scoring. Using a "pricker," a sharp pinlike object, Jefferson punctured sets of points in his drawings. These may have been used to lay out a new drawing or copy an existing one. Scoring employed a small, blunt tool called a scorer or tracer, to make indentations in paper that later could be filled in with ink or graphite.<ref>Charles Brownell, ed. [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=4235 ''The Making of Virginia Architecture''] (Richmond: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, 1992), 150-152.</ref>

-	Prior to 1784, when Jefferson arrived in France, most if not all of his drawings were made in ink. In Paris, Jefferson began to use pencil for drawing, and adopted the use of coordinate, or graph, paper. He treasured the coordinate paper that he brought back to the United States with him and used it sparingly over the course of many years. He gave a few sheets to his good friend David Rittenhouse, the astronomer and inventor:	+	Prior to 1784, when Jefferson arrived in France, most if not all of his drawings were made in ink. In Paris, Jefferson began to use pencil for drawing, and adopted the use of coordinate, or graph, paper. He treasured the coordinate paper that he brought back to the United States with him and used it sparingly over the course of many years. He gave a few sheets to his good friend [[David Rittenhouse]], the astronomer and inventor:

	<blockquote>"I send for your acceptance some sheets of drawing-paper, which being laid off in squares representing feet or what you please, saves the necessity of using the rule and dividers in all rectangular draughts and those whose angles have their sines and cosines in the proportion of any integral numbers. Using a black lead pencil the lines are very visible, and easily effaced with Indian rubber to be used for any other draught."<ref>Jefferson to David Rittenhouse, March 19, 1791, in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 19:584.</ref></blockquote>		<blockquote>"I send for your acceptance some sheets of drawing-paper, which being laid off in squares representing feet or what you please, saves the necessity of using the rule and dividers in all rectangular draughts and those whose angles have their sines and cosines in the proportion of any integral numbers. Using a black lead pencil the lines are very visible, and easily effaced with Indian rubber to be used for any other draught."<ref>Jefferson to David Rittenhouse, March 19, 1791, in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 19:584.</ref></blockquote>

Bcraig at 20:07, 2 December 2009

2009-12-02T20:07:16Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 20:07, 2 December 2009
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-	[[Thomas Jefferson]] began to use '''drawing paper''' or coordinate paper in France. Jefferson did not have strong drafting skills and as [[Fiske Kimball]] states, "...his own adoption of coordinate paper...enabled him to employ a freer	+	[[Image:ruledpaper.jpg\|right\|thumb\|Ruled Paper. Thomas Jefferson Foundation, Inc.]]
-	medium in spite of his deficiencies of technique."<ref>[[Short Title List\|Kimball, ''Jefferson, Architect'']], 105.</ref>	+

-	Jefferson wrote about this kind of paper in a letter in 1791: "I send for your acceptance some sheets of drawing-paper,	+	'''Artist/Maker:''' watermark Richard Auvergne<ref>This article is based on Stein, [[Short Title List\|''Worlds'']], 372-373.</ref>
-	which being laid off in squares representing feet, or what you please, saves the necessity of using the rule and dividers in all	+
-	rectangular draughts and those whose angles have their sines and co-sines in the proportion of any integral numbers."<ref>	+	'''Created:''' 1782
-	Jefferson to [[David Rittenhouse]] 19 March 1791. [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 19:584.</ref>	+
		+	'''Origin/Purchase:''' [[Paris]]
		+
		+	'''Materials:''' paper
		+
		+	'''Dimensions:''' 47.6 x 35.9 (18 3/4 x 14 1/8 in.)
		+
		+	'''Location:''' Monticello's Visitor Center
		+
		+	'''Owner:''' Thomas Jefferson Foundation
		+
		+	'''Accession Number:''' 1962-1-53
		+
		+	'''Historical Notes:''' Over the course of his life, Jefferson made hundreds of drawings, ranging from rather wobbly freehand sketches to measured drawings on coordinate paper. He drew plats, maps, city plans, garden designs, and furniture, as well as sections, elevations, and floor plans for numerous buildings.<ref>[[Short Title List\|Kimball, ''Jefferson, Architect'']] remains the definitive work on Jefferson's architectural drawings. See also Frederick D. Nichols, [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=7041 ''Thomas Jefferson's Architectural Drawings''] 4th ed. (Charlottesville: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, 1978).</ref> He may have learned the rudiments of drafting from his father, the surveyor and mapmaker Peter Jefferson. Upon his father's death Jefferson inherited his mathematical instruments, which certainly included the tools for drawing maps and plats.<ref>[[Short Title List\|Malone, ''Jefferson'']], 1:32. Based on its early date and substantial wear, the single-handed divider may have been one of Peter Jefferson's tools. Though it was probably intended for use with nautical charts, it may have been employed with surveys and other maps.</ref>
		+
		+	As with scientific instruments, Jefferson preferred English-made drawing instruments. His first recorded purchases are from London firms in 1786.<ref>Jefferson's Memorandum Books show seven purchases in the spring of 1786 from London makers.</ref> As late as 1806, Jefferson purchased drawing instruments from the same merchants with whom he first became acquainted in 1786, William & Samuel Jones.<ref>Thomas Jefferson to William Jones, Washington, October 25, 1806. Thomas Jefferson Papers, Library of Congress. [http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=mtj1&fileName=mtj1page036.db&recNum=1077 Polygraph copy] available online.</ref>
		+
		+	Jefferson likely used the instruments illustrated here to make measured drawings, which were usually architectural. Recent studies of Jefferson's drawings reveal two techniques that he employed: pricking and scoring. Using a "pricker," a sharp pinlike object, Jefferson punctured sets of points in his drawings. These may have been used to lay out a new drawing or copy an existing one. Scoring employed a small, blunt tool called a scorer or tracer, to make indentations in paper that later could be filled in with ink or graphite.<ref>Charles Brownell, ed. [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=4235 ''The Making of Virginia Architecture''] (Richmond: Virginia Museum of Fine Arts, 1992), 150-152.</ref>
		+
		+	Prior to 1784, when Jefferson arrived in France, most if not all of his drawings were made in ink. In Paris, Jefferson began to use pencil for drawing, and adopted the use of coordinate, or graph, paper. He treasured the coordinate paper that he brought back to the United States with him and used it sparingly over the course of many years. He gave a few sheets to his good friend David Rittenhouse, the astronomer and inventor:
		+
		+	<blockquote>"I send for your acceptance some sheets of drawing-paper, which being laid off in squares representing feet or what you please, saves the necessity of using the rule and dividers in all rectangular draughts and those whose angles have their sines and cosines in the proportion of any integral numbers. Using a black lead pencil the lines are very visible, and easily effaced with Indian rubber to be used for any other draught."<ref>Jefferson to David Rittenhouse, March 19, 1791, in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 19:584.</ref></blockquote>
		+
		+	A few precious sheets of the paper survive today.
		+
		+	In addition to designing and improving his own houses, Jefferson was a willing contributor to public buildings, such as the Virginia State Capitol. He was involved in the planning of the city of Washington, D.C. and contributed an anonymous design in the competition for the President's House. His architectural knowledge was well known, and friends such as [[James Monroe]] solicited his help in designing their houses.<ref>Jefferson to Monroe, Paris, May 10, 1786, in ibid., 9:499.</ref>

	==Footnotes==		==Footnotes==
	<references/>		<references/>

		+	[[Category:Writing and Drawing Instruments]]
	[[Category:Architecture]]		[[Category:Architecture]]

Bcraig: add a link

2009-08-07T17:37:25Z

add a link

←Older revision		Revision as of 17:37, 7 August 2009
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-	[[Thomas Jefferson]] began to use '''drawing paper''' or coordinate paper in France. Jefferson did not have strong drafting skills and as Fiske Kimball states, "...his own adoption of coordinate paper...enabled him to employ a freer	+	[[Thomas Jefferson]] began to use '''drawing paper''' or coordinate paper in France. Jefferson did not have strong drafting skills and as [[Fiske Kimball]] states, "...his own adoption of coordinate paper...enabled him to employ a freer
	medium in spite of his deficiencies of technique."<ref>[[Short Title List\|Kimball, ''Jefferson, Architect'']], 105.</ref>		medium in spite of his deficiencies of technique."<ref>[[Short Title List\|Kimball, ''Jefferson, Architect'']], 105.</ref>

ABerkes at 16:36, 30 January 2009

2009-01-30T16:36:02Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 16:36, 30 January 2009
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-	[[Image:arch.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Example of Jefferson's use of drawing paper. [http://www.masshist.org/ Massachusetts Historical Society]]]
-
	[[Thomas Jefferson]] began to use '''drawing paper''' or coordinate paper in France. Jefferson did not have strong drafting skills and as Fiske Kimball states, "...his own adoption of coordinate paper...enabled him to employ a freer		[[Thomas Jefferson]] began to use '''drawing paper''' or coordinate paper in France. Jefferson did not have strong drafting skills and as Fiske Kimball states, "...his own adoption of coordinate paper...enabled him to employ a freer
	medium in spite of his deficiencies of technique."<ref>[[Short Title List\|Kimball, ''Jefferson, Architect'']], 105.</ref>		medium in spite of his deficiencies of technique."<ref>[[Short Title List\|Kimball, ''Jefferson, Architect'']], 105.</ref>

-	Jefferson writes about this kind of paper in a letter in 1791: "I send for your acceptance some sheets of drawing-paper,	+	Jefferson wrote about this kind of paper in a letter in 1791: "I send for your acceptance some sheets of drawing-paper,
	which being laid off in squares representing feet, or what you please, saves the necessity of using the rule and dividers in all		which being laid off in squares representing feet, or what you please, saves the necessity of using the rule and dividers in all
	rectangular draughts and those whose angles have their sines and co-sines in the proportion of any integral numbers."<ref>		rectangular draughts and those whose angles have their sines and co-sines in the proportion of any integral numbers."<ref>
Line 13:		Line 11:

	[[Category:Architecture]]		[[Category:Architecture]]
-	[[Category:Writings]]

Bcraig at 16:15, 17 November 2008

2008-11-17T16:15:49Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 16:15, 17 November 2008
Line 7:		Line 7:
	which being laid off in squares representing feet, or what you please, saves the necessity of using the rule and dividers in all		which being laid off in squares representing feet, or what you please, saves the necessity of using the rule and dividers in all
	rectangular draughts and those whose angles have their sines and co-sines in the proportion of any integral numbers."<ref>		rectangular draughts and those whose angles have their sines and co-sines in the proportion of any integral numbers."<ref>
-	Jefferson to [[David Rittenhouse]] 19 March 1791. [[Short Title List\|PTJ]], 19:584.</ref>	+	Jefferson to [[David Rittenhouse]] 19 March 1791. [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 19:584.</ref>

	==Footnotes==		==Footnotes==

Bcraig: Add Internal links

2008-08-27T16:20:17Z

Add Internal links

←Older revision		Revision as of 16:20, 27 August 2008
Line 7:		Line 7:
	which being laid off in squares representing feet, or what you please, saves the necessity of using the rule and dividers in all		which being laid off in squares representing feet, or what you please, saves the necessity of using the rule and dividers in all
	rectangular draughts and those whose angles have their sines and co-sines in the proportion of any integral numbers."<ref>		rectangular draughts and those whose angles have their sines and co-sines in the proportion of any integral numbers."<ref>
-	Jefferson to David Rittenhouse 19 March 1791. [[Short Title List\|PTJ]], 19:584.</ref>	+	Jefferson to [[David Rittenhouse]] 19 March 1791. [[Short Title List\|PTJ]], 19:584.</ref>

	==Footnotes==		==Footnotes==

Bcraig at 13:57, 19 March 2008

2008-03-19T13:57:02Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 13:57, 19 March 2008
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	[[Category:Architecture]]		[[Category:Architecture]]
		+	[[Category:Writings]]

Bcraig at 15:53, 8 February 2008

2008-02-08T15:53:25Z

←Older revision		Revision as of 15:53, 8 February 2008
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-	[[Image:arch.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Example of Jefferson's use of drawing paper. Courtesy of Massachusetts Historical Society]]	+	[[Image:arch.jpg\|thumb\|right\|Example of Jefferson's use of drawing paper. [http://www.masshist.org/ Massachusetts Historical Society]]]

	[[Thomas Jefferson]] began to use '''drawing paper''' or coordinate paper in France. Jefferson did not have strong drafting skills and as Fiske Kimball states, "...his own adoption of coordinate paper...enabled him to employ a freer		[[Thomas Jefferson]] began to use '''drawing paper''' or coordinate paper in France. Jefferson did not have strong drafting skills and as Fiske Kimball states, "...his own adoption of coordinate paper...enabled him to employ a freer

ABerkes: MHi = ?

2008-01-25T18:33:13Z

MHi = ?

←Older revision		Revision as of 18:33, 25 January 2008
Line 7:		Line 7:
	which being laid off in squares representing feet, or what you please, saves the necessity of using the rule and dividers in all		which being laid off in squares representing feet, or what you please, saves the necessity of using the rule and dividers in all
	rectangular draughts and those whose angles have their sines and co-sines in the proportion of any integral numbers."<ref>		rectangular draughts and those whose angles have their sines and co-sines in the proportion of any integral numbers."<ref>
-	Jefferson to David Rittenhouse 19 March 1791. [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 19:584.</ref>	+	Jefferson to David Rittenhouse 19 March 1791. [[Short Title List\|PTJ]], 19:584.</ref>

	==Footnotes==		==Footnotes==