Journey through France and Italy (1787) - Revision history

ABerkes: canal citation - corrected

2009-08-12T15:25:53Z

canal citation - corrected

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	When he reached Aix-en-Provence Jefferson noted that “the temperature of the mineral waters of Aix is 90.° of Farenheit’s thermometer at the spout.”[[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:427.</ref> Apparently the waters did little to ease the discomfort in his injured wrist, however; he later wrote that he had "taken 40. douches, without any sensible benefit."<ref>Jefferson to Short, April 7, 1787, in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:285.</ref> Smitten by the sunshine in Aix, he wrote to William Short: “I am now in the land of corn, wine, oil, and sunshine. What more can man ask of heaven? If I should happen to die at Paris I will beg of you to send me here, land have me exposed to the sun. I am sure it will bring me to life again.”<ref>Jefferson to Short, March 27, 1787, in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:287.</ref>		When he reached Aix-en-Provence Jefferson noted that “the temperature of the mineral waters of Aix is 90.° of Farenheit’s thermometer at the spout.”[[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:427.</ref> Apparently the waters did little to ease the discomfort in his injured wrist, however; he later wrote that he had "taken 40. douches, without any sensible benefit."<ref>Jefferson to Short, April 7, 1787, in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:285.</ref> Smitten by the sunshine in Aix, he wrote to William Short: “I am now in the land of corn, wine, oil, and sunshine. What more can man ask of heaven? If I should happen to die at Paris I will beg of you to send me here, land have me exposed to the sun. I am sure it will bring me to life again.”<ref>Jefferson to Short, March 27, 1787, in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:287.</ref>

-	The Canal of Languedoc (today known as the Canal du Midi) was of great interest to Jefferson. This waterway, dating to the seventeenth century, united the Mediterranean with the Atlantic Ocean. He wrote to William Short: “I have passed through the Canal from it’s entrance into the mediterranean at Cette to this place, and shall be immediately at Toulouse, in the whole 200 American miles, by water; having employed in examining all it’s details nine days, one of which was spent in making a tour of 40 miles on horseback, among the Montagnes noires, to see the manner in which water has been collected to supply the canal; the other eight on the canal itself. I dismounted my carriage from it’s wheels, placed it on the deck of a light bark, and was thus towed on the canal instead of the post road. That I might be perfectly master of all the delays necessary, I hired a bark to myself by the day, and have made from 20. to 35 miles a day, according to circumstances, always sleeping ashore. Of all the methods of travelling I have ever tried this is the pleasantest. I walk the greater part of the way along the banks of the canal, level, and lined with a double row of trees which furnish shade. When fatigued I take seat in my carriage where, as much at ease as if in my study, I read, write, or observe.”<ref>Jefferson to Short, March 27, 1787, in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:372.</ref>	+	The Canal of Languedoc (today known as the Canal du Midi) was of great interest to Jefferson. This waterway, dating to the seventeenth century, united the Mediterranean with the Atlantic Ocean. He wrote to William Short: “I have passed through the Canal from it’s entrance into the mediterranean at Cette to this place, and shall be immediately at Toulouse, in the whole 200 American miles, by water; having employed in examining all it’s details nine days, one of which was spent in making a tour of 40 miles on horseback, among the Montagnes noires, to see the manner in which water has been collected to supply the canal; the other eight on the canal itself. I dismounted my carriage from it’s wheels, placed it on the deck of a light bark, and was thus towed on the canal instead of the post road. That I might be perfectly master of all the delays necessary, I hired a bark to myself by the day, and have made from 20. to 35 miles a day, according to circumstances, always sleeping ashore. Of all the methods of travelling I have ever tried this is the pleasantest. I walk the greater part of the way along the banks of the canal, level, and lined with a double row of trees which furnish shade. When fatigued I take seat in my carriage where, as much at ease as if in my study, I read, write, or observe.”<ref>Jefferson to Short, May 21, 1787, in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:371-2.</ref>

	Jefferson began traveling again in his carriage on May 22, 1787. He reached Bordeaux late on May 24, 1787 and stayed at the Hôtel Richelieu where he enjoyed fresh cherries, peas, and strawberries. On May 28 he ferried across the Garonne and stayed in Blaye overnight. The next day he traveled the northwest route to La Rochelle. From La Rochelle he went to Nantes, and on June 1, 1787 he left Nantes and made his way to the north shore of Loire. By June 6th he arrived at Aucenis; he changed horses but didn’t visit the sites of the town and continued on to the north bank of Loire. At Amboise he did some sightseeing and had carriage repairs. By June 10th, he reached Paris after being away more than three months.		Jefferson began traveling again in his carriage on May 22, 1787. He reached Bordeaux late on May 24, 1787 and stayed at the Hôtel Richelieu where he enjoyed fresh cherries, peas, and strawberries. On May 28 he ferried across the Garonne and stayed in Blaye overnight. The next day he traveled the northwest route to La Rochelle. From La Rochelle he went to Nantes, and on June 1, 1787 he left Nantes and made his way to the north shore of Loire. By June 6th he arrived at Aucenis; he changed horses but didn’t visit the sites of the town and continued on to the north bank of Loire. At Amboise he did some sightseeing and had carriage repairs. By June 10th, he reached Paris after being away more than three months.

ABerkes at 18:27, 21 July 2009

2009-07-21T18:27:25Z

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	Below is an itinerary of the places Jefferson visited during his journey through southern France and Italy, including some of his observations.		Below is an itinerary of the places Jefferson visited during his journey through southern France and Italy, including some of his observations.

-	'''28 February—2 March:''' ''Fontainbleau'': Jefferson left Paris and traveled as far as Fontainebleau, where he was delayed for two days because of problems with the wheels of his carriage.	+	'''28 February—2 March:''' ''Fontainebleau'': Jefferson left Paris and traveled as far as Fontainebleau, where he was delayed for two days because of problems with the wheels of his carriage.

	'''2 March:''' ''Sens'': At Sens he noted paying to see its cathedral and climbed to the top of the cathedral’s tower to see the town’s buildings.<ref>[[Short Title List\|''MB'']], 1:656.</ref><br>		'''2 March:''' ''Sens'': At Sens he noted paying to see its cathedral and climbed to the top of the cathedral’s tower to see the town’s buildings.<ref>[[Short Title List\|''MB'']], 1:656.</ref><br>

ABerkes at 18:24, 21 July 2009

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	==Itinerary<ref>The itinerary is based on Jefferson’s: “Notes of a Tour into the Southern Parts of France, &c. Memorandums taken on a journey from Paris into the Southern parts of France and and Northern of Italy, in the year 1787,” in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:415-462; itinerary in Edward Dumbauld, [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1995 ''Thomas Jefferson, American Tourist''] (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1976), 233-235; itinerary in Roy & Alma Moore, [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=5597 ''Thomas Jefferson’s Journey to the South Of France''] (New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 1999), 7; and Anthony Brandt, ed., [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=17271 ''Thomas Jefferson Travels: Selected Writings, 1784-1789''] (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 2006), 186-230. Note that there are discrepancies in the itineraries in Dumbauld and Jefferson’s Notes: Jefferson recorded payments in the Memorandum Book at a certain place at one date and in his Notes he had a different date. Dumbauld also included the names of vineyards and hotels where Jefferson lodged.</ref>==		==Itinerary<ref>The itinerary is based on Jefferson’s: “Notes of a Tour into the Southern Parts of France, &c. Memorandums taken on a journey from Paris into the Southern parts of France and and Northern of Italy, in the year 1787,” in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:415-462; itinerary in Edward Dumbauld, [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1995 ''Thomas Jefferson, American Tourist''] (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1976), 233-235; itinerary in Roy & Alma Moore, [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=5597 ''Thomas Jefferson’s Journey to the South Of France''] (New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 1999), 7; and Anthony Brandt, ed., [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=17271 ''Thomas Jefferson Travels: Selected Writings, 1784-1789''] (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 2006), 186-230. Note that there are discrepancies in the itineraries in Dumbauld and Jefferson’s Notes: Jefferson recorded payments in the Memorandum Book at a certain place at one date and in his Notes he had a different date. Dumbauld also included the names of vineyards and hotels where Jefferson lodged.</ref>==

-	Below is an itinerary of the places Jefferson visited during his journey throu southern France and Italy and his observations.	+	Below is an itinerary of the places Jefferson visited during his journey through southern France and Italy, including some of his observations.

	'''28 February—2 March:''' ''Fontainbleau'': Jefferson left Paris and traveled as far as Fontainebleau, where he was delayed for two days because of problems with the wheels of his carriage.		'''28 February—2 March:''' ''Fontainbleau'': Jefferson left Paris and traveled as far as Fontainebleau, where he was delayed for two days because of problems with the wheels of his carriage.

ABerkes at 18:22, 21 July 2009

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	*[[Short Title List\|Malone, ''Jefferson'']], II. See pages 112—130.		*[[Short Title List\|Malone, ''Jefferson'']], II. See pages 112—130.
	*Adams, William Howard. ''The Paris Years of Thomas Jefferson.'' New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1997. See pages 108-114.		*Adams, William Howard. ''The Paris Years of Thomas Jefferson.'' New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1997. See pages 108-114.
		+
		+	[[Category:Places]]
		+	[[Category:Science and Exploration]]

ABerkes at 18:20, 21 July 2009

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	Jefferson began traveling again in his carriage on May 22, 1787. He reached Bordeaux late on May 24, 1787 and stayed at the Hôtel Richelieu where he enjoyed fresh cherries, peas, and strawberries. On May 28 he ferried across the Garonne and stayed in Blaye overnight. The next day he traveled the northwest route to La Rochelle. From La Rochelle he went to Nantes, and on June 1, 1787 he left Nantes and made his way to the north shore of Loire. By June 6th he arrived at Aucenis; he changed horses but didn’t visit the sites of the town and continued on to the north bank of Loire. At Amboise he did some sightseeing and had carriage repairs. By June 10th, he reached Paris after being away more than three months.		Jefferson began traveling again in his carriage on May 22, 1787. He reached Bordeaux late on May 24, 1787 and stayed at the Hôtel Richelieu where he enjoyed fresh cherries, peas, and strawberries. On May 28 he ferried across the Garonne and stayed in Blaye overnight. The next day he traveled the northwest route to La Rochelle. From La Rochelle he went to Nantes, and on June 1, 1787 he left Nantes and made his way to the north shore of Loire. By June 6th he arrived at Aucenis; he changed horses but didn’t visit the sites of the town and continued on to the north bank of Loire. At Amboise he did some sightseeing and had carriage repairs. By June 10th, he reached Paris after being away more than three months.

-	==Itinerary<ref>The itinerary is based on Jefferson’s: “Notes of a Tour into the Southern Parts of France, &c. Memorandums taken on a journey from Paris into the Southern parts of France and and Northern of Italy, in the year 1787,” in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:415-462; itinerary in Edward Dumbauld, [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1995 ''Thomas Jefferson, American Tourist''] (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1976), 233-235; itinerary in Roy & Alma Moore, [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=5597 ''Thomas Jefferson’s Journey to the South Of France''] (New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 1999), 7; and Anthony Brandt, ed., [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=17271 ''Thomas Jefferson Travels: Selected Writings, 1784-1789''] (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 2006), 186-230.</ref>==	+	==Itinerary<ref>The itinerary is based on Jefferson’s: “Notes of a Tour into the Southern Parts of France, &c. Memorandums taken on a journey from Paris into the Southern parts of France and and Northern of Italy, in the year 1787,” in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:415-462; itinerary in Edward Dumbauld, [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1995 ''Thomas Jefferson, American Tourist''] (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1976), 233-235; itinerary in Roy & Alma Moore, [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=5597 ''Thomas Jefferson’s Journey to the South Of France''] (New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 1999), 7; and Anthony Brandt, ed., [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=17271 ''Thomas Jefferson Travels: Selected Writings, 1784-1789''] (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 2006), 186-230. Note that there are discrepancies in the itineraries in Dumbauld and Jefferson’s Notes: Jefferson recorded payments in the Memorandum Book at a certain place at one date and in his Notes he had a different date. Dumbauld also included the names of vineyards and hotels where Jefferson lodged.</ref>==

	Below is an itinerary of the places Jefferson visited during his journey throu southern France and Italy and his observations.		Below is an itinerary of the places Jefferson visited during his journey throu southern France and Italy and his observations.
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	'''31 May:''' ''Chantenay, St. Fulgent, Montaigu, Aigrefeuille, Nantes (A la Croix verte).''		'''31 May:''' ''Chantenay, St. Fulgent, Montaigu, Aigrefeuille, Nantes (A la Croix verte).''

-	'''1-2 June:''' '' Le Temple, Moere, Pontchateau, Rochebernard, Massellac.	+	'''1-2 June:''' ''Le Temple, Moere, Pontchateau, Rochebernard, Massellac. Thex, Vannes, Auray, Landevant, Hennebont, L’Orient (Hotel de Epée Royal).'' "The country from Nates to LORIENT is very hilly and poor, the soil grey.”
-	Thex, Vannes, Auray, Landevant, Hennebont, L’Orient (Hotel de Epée Royal).'' "The country from Nates to LORIENT is very hilly and poor, the soil grey.”	+

	'''3 June:''' ''Hennebont, Baud, Locminé, Josselin.''		'''3 June:''' ''Hennebont, Baud, Locminé, Josselin.''
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	==Further Sources==		==Further Sources==
-		+	*Jefferson, Thomas. “Hints to Americans Travelling in Europe.” [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 13:264—76.
-	“Notes of a Tour into the Southern Parts of France, &c.”, Papers, Vol. 11, 1787, pages 415--464	+	*Kimball, Marie. ''Jefferson The Scene Of Europe, 1784 to 1789''. New York: Coward-McCann, 1950. See especially pages 184—201, 233-235.
-		+	*[[Short Title List\|Malone, ''Jefferson'']], II. See pages 112—130.
-	George Green Shackelford, Thomas Jefferson’s Travels in Europe, 1784—1789, The Johns Hopkins University Press, Baltimore, Maryland, 1995, pages 75--127	+	*Adams, William Howard. ''The Paris Years of Thomas Jefferson.'' New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press, 1997. See pages 108-114.
-		+
-	Roy & Alma Moore, Thomas Jefferson’s Journey To The South Of France, Stewart, Tabori & Chang, New York, 1999 (This book covers Jefferson’s travels in the south of France. There is a nine page introduction by Lucia Stanton . There is an itinerary and map at the beginning of the book. In the authors own words: The book tells “ the story of Jefferson’s tour with [reproductions of paintings Jefferson admired], their own photographs and letters written to and by Jefferson.” P. 159	+
-	New York Times review 1999: http://www.nytimes.com/books/99/09/26/bib/990926.rv104053.html	+
-		+
-	Lucia Stanton’s article: http://wiki.monticello.org/mediawiki/index.php/Mediterranean	+
-		+
-	James A. Bear, Jr. and Lucia C. Stanton, Editors, Jefferson’s Memorandum Books, Volume I, pages 655—670	+
-		+
-	Edward Dumbauld, Thomas Jefferson, American Tourist, University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Oklahoma, 1946, , pages 83—109. Complete “Chronological Itinerary” pages 233—235.	+
-		+
-	Marie Kimball, Jefferson The Scene Of Europe 1784to 1789, Coward-McCann, Inc., New York, 1950, pages 184—201, 233--235	+
-		+
-	Dumas Malone, Jefferson And The Rights Of Man, Little, Brown And Company, Boston, 1951, pages 112—130	+
-		+
-	William Howard Adams, The Paris Years of Thomas Jefferson, Yale University Press, New Haven, 1997, pages 108--114	+
-		+
-	Anthony Brandt, Thomas Jefferson Travels, Selected Writings 1784—1789, National Geographic, Washington, D.C., 2006 (This book includes a detailed map of Jefferson’s travels and selected writings) Much of the itinerary and Jefferson’s own words were taken from “Notes of a Tour into the Southern Parts of France, &c.”, Pages 186-230.	+
-		+
-		+
-		+
-	“Jefferson’s Hints to Americans Travelling in Europe” found in Papers, Volume 13, 264—76	+
-		+
-	http://memory.loc.gov/cgi-bin/ampage?collId=mcc&fileName=027/page.db&recNum=0&itemLink=r?ammem/mcc:@field(DOCID+@lit(mcc/027)	+
-		+
-	There are discrepancies in the itineraries in Dumbauld and Jefferson’s Notes.	+
-	1-Jefferson recorded payments in the Memorandum Book at a certain place at one date and in his Notes he had a different date. Dumbauld included the names of vineyards and hotels where Jefferson lodged.	+

ABerkes at 18:09, 21 July 2009

2009-07-21T18:09:31Z

(Difference between revisions)

ABerkes at 17:41, 21 July 2009

2009-07-21T17:41:46Z

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	'''3 March:''' ''Champagne. Sens to Vermanton.'' In his Notes, Jefferson recorded: “ The soil is generally a rich mulatto loam…The plains are in corn…the hills in vineyard, but the wine not good…Few apple trees…no cattle, sheep or swine. Fine mules.”<ref>[[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:415.</ref>		'''3 March:''' ''Champagne. Sens to Vermanton.'' In his Notes, Jefferson recorded: “ The soil is generally a rich mulatto loam…The plains are in corn…the hills in vineyard, but the wine not good…Few apple trees…no cattle, sheep or swine. Fine mules.”<ref>[[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:415.</ref>

-	'''4 March:''' Burgundy : Lucy le bois, Cussy les forges, Rouvray, Maison-neuve, Vitteaux, La Charleure, Pont de Panis, Dijon (Hotel de Condé) “The soil a good red loam…All in corn. Some forest wood here…Now and then a flock of sheep…The people are well clothed, but it is Sunday.” “Dijon…The best round potatoes here I ever saw.” He records in depth Page 416	+	'''4 March:''' Burgundy: ''Lucy le bois, Cussy les forges, Rouvray, Maison-neuve, Vitteaux, La Charleure, Pont de Panis, Dijon (Hotel de Condé).'' “The soil a good red loam…All in corn. Some forest wood here…Now and then a flock of sheep…The people are well clothed, but it is Sunday.” “Dijon…The best round potatoes here I ever saw.”<ref>[[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:416.</ref>
-	7-8 March : La Baraque to Chagny. Dijon, La Baraque, Nuits, Beaune, Pommard, Volnay, Meursault. Aussy, Chagny, Chalon-sur-Saone, Sennecey, Tournus	+
-	”The plains are in corn, the Cote in vines.” Page 416	+	'''7-8 March:''' ''La Baraque to Chagny. Dijon, La Baraque, Nuits, Beaune, Pommard, Volnay, Meursault. Aussy, Chagny, Chalon-sur-Saone, Sennecey, Tournus.''
-	9 March : Chalons, Sennecy, Tournus, St. Albin, Macon: “The vineyards are inclosed with dry stone walls…The cattle are few and indifferent..some good oxen…Few sheep…A good deal of wood lands.” P.418 (Papers Vol. 11)	+	”The plains are in corn, the Cote in vines.”<ref>[[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:416.</ref>
-	Beaujolois : Masion blanche. St. George. Chateau de Laye-Epinaye. ”This is the richest country I ever beheld…Here, as in Burgundy, the cattle are all white…The wild gooseberry is in leaf, the wild pear and sweet briar in bud.” Page 419-420 Notes through southern france	+
-	Lyon: The Almond is in bloom.	+	'''9 March:''' ''Chalons, Sennecy, Tournus, St. Albin, Macon''. “The vineyards are inclosed with dry stone walls…The cattle are few and indifferent..some good oxen…Few sheep…A good deal of wood lands.”<ref>[[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:418.</ref> ''Beaujolais: Maison blanche. St. George. Chateau de Laye-Epinaye.'' ”This is the richest country I ever beheld…Here, as in Burgundy, the cattle are all white…The wild gooseberry is in leaf, the wild pear and sweet briar in bud.”<ref>[[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:419-20.</ref>
-	11 March: Ville franche, Les Echelles, Puits d’or, Lyons (Hôtel du Palais royal).	+
-	15-18 March: Dauphine: St. Fond to Mornas. St. Symphorin, Vienne, (from Jefferson’s Notes : Dauphine. From St. Fond to Mornas. March 15. 16. 17. 18	+	'''11 March:''' ''Ville franche, Les Echelles, Puits d’or, Lyons (Hôtel du Palais royal).'' Lyon: "The Almond is in bloom."<source?>
-	The Rhone makes extensive plains…the high lands are often very level. The soil…is generally tinged, more or less, with red….In the neighborhood of Lyons there is more corn, almonds, and oaks; the hills are in vines.”page 422 (Vol. 11, Papers)	+
		+	'''15-18 March:''' ''Dauphine: St. Fond to Mornas. St. Symphorin, Vienne.'' "The Rhone makes extensive plains…the high lands are often very level. The soil…is generally tinged, more or less, with red….In the neighborhood of Lyons there is more corn, almonds, and oaks; the hills are in vines.”<ref>[[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:422.</ref>
		+
	18 March: Principality of Orange. “No forest. Here begins the country of olives…Thyme growing wild here on the hills. Asses very small…The high hills in Dauphiné are covered with snow.” p. 423		18 March: Principality of Orange. “No forest. Here begins the country of olives…Thyme growing wild here on the hills. Asses very small…The high hills in Dauphiné are covered with snow.” p. 423
	19-23 March: Languedoc. Pont St. Esprit. Bagnols. Connault. Valignieres. Remoulins. St. Gervasy. Nismes. Pont Bagnols, Connault, Valliguières, Remoulins, St. Gervasy, Nismes, Pont d’Arles .) ‘’The hills are rocky…The culture is corn, clover, St. foin, olives, vines, mulberries, willow, and some almonds.”		19-23 March: Languedoc. Pont St. Esprit. Bagnols. Connault. Valignieres. Remoulins. St. Gervasy. Nismes. Pont Bagnols, Connault, Valliguières, Remoulins, St. Gervasy, Nismes, Pont d’Arles .) ‘’The hills are rocky…The culture is corn, clover, St. foin, olives, vines, mulberries, willow, and some almonds.”

ABerkes at 17:34, 21 July 2009

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	Below is an itinerary of the places Jefferson visited during his journey throu southern France and Italy and his observations.		Below is an itinerary of the places Jefferson visited during his journey throu southern France and Italy and his observations.

-	28 Feb, 1787—2 March: Fontainbleau: Jefferson left Paris and traveled as far as Fontainbleau where he was delayed for two day because of problems with the wheels of his carriage.	+	'''28 February—2 March:''' ''Fontainbleau'': Jefferson left Paris and traveled as far as Fontainebleau, where he was delayed for two days because of problems with the wheels of his carriage.
-	2 March : Sens: At Sens he noted paying to see its cathedral and climbed to the top of the cathedral’s tower to see the town’s buildings.(Memorandum book page 656) Moret, Faussard, Villeneuve, Pont sur Yonne, Sens	+
-	3 March : Champagne. Sens to Vermanton. In his Notes he recorded: “ The soil is generally a rich mulatto loam…The plains are in corn…the hills in vineyard, but the wine not good…Few apple trees…no cattle, sheep or swine. Fine mules.” (Page 415) (“Notes of a Tour into the Southern Parts of France, &c.”Papers, Volume 11, 1787)	+	'''2 March:''' ''Sens'': At Sens he noted paying to see its cathedral and climbed to the top of the cathedral’s tower to see the town’s buildings.<ref>[[Short Title List\|''MB'']], 1:656.</ref><br>
-	4 March : Burgundy : Lucy le bois, Cussy les forges, Rouvray, Maison-neuve, Vitteaux, La Charleure, Pont de Panis, Dijon (Hotel de Condé) “The soil a good red loam…All in corn. Some forest wood here…Now and then a flock of sheep…The people are well clothed, but it is Sunday.” “Dijon…The best round potatoes here I ever saw.” He records in depth Page 416	+	''Moret, Faussard, Villeneuve, Pont sur Yonne, Sens''
		+
		+	'''3 March:''' ''Champagne. Sens to Vermanton.'' In his Notes, Jefferson recorded: “ The soil is generally a rich mulatto loam…The plains are in corn…the hills in vineyard, but the wine not good…Few apple trees…no cattle, sheep or swine. Fine mules.”<ref>[[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:415.</ref>
		+
		+	'''4 March:''' Burgundy : Lucy le bois, Cussy les forges, Rouvray, Maison-neuve, Vitteaux, La Charleure, Pont de Panis, Dijon (Hotel de Condé) “The soil a good red loam…All in corn. Some forest wood here…Now and then a flock of sheep…The people are well clothed, but it is Sunday.” “Dijon…The best round potatoes here I ever saw.” He records in depth Page 416
	7-8 March : La Baraque to Chagny. Dijon, La Baraque, Nuits, Beaune, Pommard, Volnay, Meursault. Aussy, Chagny, Chalon-sur-Saone, Sennecey, Tournus		7-8 March : La Baraque to Chagny. Dijon, La Baraque, Nuits, Beaune, Pommard, Volnay, Meursault. Aussy, Chagny, Chalon-sur-Saone, Sennecey, Tournus
	”The plains are in corn, the Cote in vines.” Page 416		”The plains are in corn, the Cote in vines.” Page 416

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	The Canal of Languedoc (today known as the Canal du Midi) was of great interest to Jefferson. This waterway, dating to the seventeenth century, united the Mediterranean with the Atlantic Ocean. He wrote to William Short: “I have passed through the Canal from it’s entrance into the mediterranean at Cette to this place, and shall be immediately at Toulouse, in the whole 200 American miles, by water; having employed in examining all it’s details nine days, one of which was spent in making a tour of 40 miles on horseback, among the Montagnes noires, to see the manner in which water has been collected to supply the canal; the other eight on the canal itself. I dismounted my carriage from it’s wheels, placed it on the deck of a light bark, and was thus towed on the canal instead of the post road. That I might be perfectly master of all the delays necessary, I hired a bark to myself by the day, and have made from 20. to 35 miles a day, according to circumstances, always sleeping ashore. Of all the methods of travelling I have ever tried this is the pleasantest. I walk the greater part of the way along the banks of the canal, level, and lined with a double row of trees which furnish shade. When fatigued I take seat in my carriage where, as much at ease as if in my study, I read, write, or observe.”<ref>Jefferson to Short, March 27, 1787, in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:372.</ref>		The Canal of Languedoc (today known as the Canal du Midi) was of great interest to Jefferson. This waterway, dating to the seventeenth century, united the Mediterranean with the Atlantic Ocean. He wrote to William Short: “I have passed through the Canal from it’s entrance into the mediterranean at Cette to this place, and shall be immediately at Toulouse, in the whole 200 American miles, by water; having employed in examining all it’s details nine days, one of which was spent in making a tour of 40 miles on horseback, among the Montagnes noires, to see the manner in which water has been collected to supply the canal; the other eight on the canal itself. I dismounted my carriage from it’s wheels, placed it on the deck of a light bark, and was thus towed on the canal instead of the post road. That I might be perfectly master of all the delays necessary, I hired a bark to myself by the day, and have made from 20. to 35 miles a day, according to circumstances, always sleeping ashore. Of all the methods of travelling I have ever tried this is the pleasantest. I walk the greater part of the way along the banks of the canal, level, and lined with a double row of trees which furnish shade. When fatigued I take seat in my carriage where, as much at ease as if in my study, I read, write, or observe.”<ref>Jefferson to Short, March 27, 1787, in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:372.</ref>

-	Jefferson began traveling again in his carriage on May 22, 1787. He reached Bordeaux late on May 24, 1787 and stayed at the Hôtel Richelieu where he enjoyed fresh cherries, peas, and strawberries. On May 28 he ferried across the Garonne and stayed in Blaye overnight. The next day he traveled the northwest route to La Rochelle. From La Rochelle he went to Nantes . On June 1, 1787 he left Nantes and made his way to the north shore of Loire. By June 6th he arrived at Aucenis, changed horses but didn’t visit the sites of the town and continued on to the north bank of Loire. At Amboise he did some sightseeing and had carriage repairs. By June 10th he reached Paris after being away more than three months.	+	Jefferson began traveling again in his carriage on May 22, 1787. He reached Bordeaux late on May 24, 1787 and stayed at the Hôtel Richelieu where he enjoyed fresh cherries, peas, and strawberries. On May 28 he ferried across the Garonne and stayed in Blaye overnight. The next day he traveled the northwest route to La Rochelle. From La Rochelle he went to Nantes, and on June 1, 1787 he left Nantes and made his way to the north shore of Loire. By June 6th he arrived at Aucenis; he changed horses but didn’t visit the sites of the town and continued on to the north bank of Loire. At Amboise he did some sightseeing and had carriage repairs. By June 10th, he reached Paris after being away more than three months.

-	==Itinerary==	+	==Itinerary<ref>The itinerary is based on Jefferson’s: “Notes of a Tour into the Southern Parts of France, &c. Memorandums taken on a journey from Paris into the Southern parts of France and and Northern of Italy, in the year 1787,” in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:415-462; itinerary in Edward Dumbauld, [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=1995 ''Thomas Jefferson, American Tourist''] (Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, 1976), 233-235; itinerary in Roy & Alma Moore, [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=5597 ''Thomas Jefferson’s Journey to the South Of France''] (New York: Stewart, Tabori & Chang, 1999), 7; and Anthony Brandt, ed., [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=17271 ''Thomas Jefferson Travels: Selected Writings, 1784-1789''] (Washington, D.C.: National Geographic Society, 2006), 186-230.</ref>==

-	Below is an itinerary of the places Jefferson visited and his observations. The itinerary is based on Jefferson’s: “Notes of a Tour into the Southern Parts of France, &c. Memorandums taken on a journey from Paris into the Southern parts of France and and Northern of Italy, in the year 1787.” Papers Volume 11, page 415-462	+	Below is an itinerary of the places Jefferson visited during his journey throu southern France and Italy and his observations.
-	Itinerary in Thomas Jefferson, American Tourist, by Edward Dumbauld, pages 233-235	+
-	1787.” (Papers, Vol. 11, pages 415—464), itinerary in Roy & Alma Moore ,Thomas Jefferson’s Journey To The South Of France, (Stewart, Tabori & Chang, New York, 1999) page7) and Edward Dumbauld, Thomas Jefferson, American Tourist (University of Oklahoma Press, Norman, Okla., 1946) p.233-235), “Notes of a Tour into the Southern Parts of France, &c…, Thomas Jefferson Travels Selected Writings 1784-1789, Edited by Anthony Brandt, page186-230.	+

	28 Feb, 1787—2 March: Fontainbleau: Jefferson left Paris and traveled as far as Fontainbleau where he was delayed for two day because of problems with the wheels of his carriage.		28 Feb, 1787—2 March: Fontainbleau: Jefferson left Paris and traveled as far as Fontainbleau where he was delayed for two day because of problems with the wheels of his carriage.

ABerkes at 16:46, 21 July 2009

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	Traveling as a private citizen from Virginia, not as a diplomat, Thomas Jefferson paid his own way, and none of his Paris servants went with him. Preferring to travel alone and anonymously, he chose to hire valets in each town. In Dijon, he made an exception, and hired Petit Jean, who stayed with him the entire trip.<ref>[[Short Title List\|''MB'']], 1:656.</ref> "I was alone thro the whole, and think one travels more usefully when they travel alone, because they reflect more.”<ref>Jefferson to John Banister, Jr., June 19, 1787, in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:477.</ref>		Traveling as a private citizen from Virginia, not as a diplomat, Thomas Jefferson paid his own way, and none of his Paris servants went with him. Preferring to travel alone and anonymously, he chose to hire valets in each town. In Dijon, he made an exception, and hired Petit Jean, who stayed with him the entire trip.<ref>[[Short Title List\|''MB'']], 1:656.</ref> "I was alone thro the whole, and think one travels more usefully when they travel alone, because they reflect more.”<ref>Jefferson to John Banister, Jr., June 19, 1787, in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:477.</ref>

-	Jefferson traveled in his own carriage drawn by post horses. Every ten miles at a post house, he paid for another postilion and fresh horses. He used three horses until he got to Lyon, and after that time he had four or five.<ref>[[Short Title List\|''MB'' 1:656.</ref> The carriage required frequent wheel repairs.	+	Jefferson traveled in his own carriage drawn by post horses. Every ten miles at a post house, he paid for another postilion and fresh horses. He used three horses until he got to Lyon, and after that time he had four or five.<ref>[[Short Title List\|''MB'']] 1:656.</ref> The carriage required frequent wheel repairs.

-	In Champagne, Burgundy, Beaujolais, and Bordeaux Jefferson compared red and white wines, the soils in which they were cultivated, how well the wines withstood transport, and prices. He wrote in depth about the planting and pruning of the vines. Continuing his agricultural investigation into the north of Italy, he observed techniques used in the growing of rice. "the greatest service which can be rendered any country is to add an useful plant to it’s culture...” he wrote in 1800 in his list of contributions he had made to his country. On that list he also mentioned having “had a great number of olive plants of the best kind sent from Marseilles to Charleston for S. Carola & Georgia.”<ref>"Summary of Public Service," [after September 2, 1800], in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 32:123-4.</ref> He smuggled rice seed, “on his own person,” at tremendous risk, from Italy and sent it to South Carolina. If caught “Sardinian law prescribed death as the penalty for the unauthorized export of seed rice.”<ref>George Green Shackelford, [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=4822 ''Thomas Jefferson’s Travels in Europe, 1784-1789''] (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995), 94. See also [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:436.</ref>	+	In Champagne, Burgundy, Beaujolais, and Bordeaux Jefferson compared red and white wines, the soils in which they were cultivated, how well the wines withstood transport, and prices. He wrote in depth about the planting and pruning of the vines. Continuing his agricultural investigation into the north of Italy, he observed techniques used in the growing of rice. "the greatest service which can be rendered any country is to add an useful plant to it’s culture...” he wrote in 1800 in his list of contributions he had made to his country. On that list he also mentioned having “had a great number of olive plants of the best kind sent from Marseilles to Charleston for S. Carola & Georgia.”<ref>"Summary of Public Service," [after September 2, 1800], in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 32:123-4.</ref> He smuggled rice seed, “on his own person,” at tremendous risk, from Italy and sent it to South Carolina. If caught, “Sardinian law prescribed death as the penalty for the unauthorized export of seed rice.”<ref>George Green Shackelford, [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=4822 ''Thomas Jefferson’s Travels in Europe, 1784-1789''] (Baltimore, Md.: Johns Hopkins University Press, 1995), 94. See also [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:436.</ref>

-	In his journal, “Notes of a Tour into the Southern Parts of France, &c.,” and in his letters, he wrote in detail about the people he met in each area. “You must ferret the people out of their hovels...look into their kettles, eat their bread, loll on their beds under the pretense of resting yourself, but in fact to find if they are soft. You will feel a sublime pleasure in the course of this investigation…” (Letters Volume 11, April 11, 1787, page 285 )	+	In his journal, “Notes of a Tour into the Southern Parts of France, &c.,” and in his letters, he wrote in detail about the people he met in each area. “you must ferret the people out of their hovels as I have done, look into their kettles, eat their bread, loll on their beds under pretence of resting yourself, but in fact to find if they are soft. You will feel a sublime pleasure in the course of this investigation...”<ref>Jefferson to Lafayette, April 11, 1787, in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:285.</ref>

-	“Architecture, painting, sculpture, antiquities, agriculture, the condition of the labouring poor fill all my moments,” he wrote to William Short. (Papers Volume 11, page 215, March 15, 1787.) At Nîmes he visited the Maison Carrée, the Roman temple he so admired and chose as the model for the Virginia state capitol. He also visited the Pont du Gard, part of an aqueduct constructed in 19 B.C.	+	“Architecture, painting, sculpture, antiquities, agriculture, the condition of the labouring poor fill all my moments,” he wrote to William Short.<ref>Jefferson to Short, March 15, 1787, in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:215.</ref> At Nîmes he visited the Maison Carrée, the Roman temple he so admired and chose as the model for the Virginia state capitol. He also visited the Pont du Gard, part of an aqueduct constructed in 19 B.C.

-	When he reached Aix-en-Provence Jefferson noted that “the temperature of the waters was 90 ° Fahrenheit at the spout.” (Malone, Jefferson and the Rights of Man, p.120) He took many douches “without any sensible benefit” to the wrist. Smitten by the sunshine in Aix he wrote to William Short: “…I am now in the land of corn, wine, oil, and sunshine. What more can man ask of heaven? If I should happen to die at Paris I will beg of you to send me here, and have me exposed to the sun. I am sure it will bring me to life again.” (Papers, Volume 11, page 247, March 27, 1787)	+	When he reached Aix-en-Provence Jefferson noted that “the temperature of the mineral waters of Aix is 90.° of Farenheit’s thermometer at the spout.”[[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:427.</ref> Apparently the waters did little to ease the discomfort in his injured wrist, however; he later wrote that he had "taken 40. douches, without any sensible benefit."<ref>Jefferson to Short, April 7, 1787, in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:285.</ref> Smitten by the sunshine in Aix, he wrote to William Short: “I am now in the land of corn, wine, oil, and sunshine. What more can man ask of heaven? If I should happen to die at Paris I will beg of you to send me here, land have me exposed to the sun. I am sure it will bring me to life again.”<ref>Jefferson to Short, March 27, 1787, in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:287.</ref>

-	The Canal of Languedoc (today known as Canal du Midi) was of great interest to Jefferson. This waterway, dating to the seventeenth century, united the Mediterranean with the Atlantic Ocean. He wrote to William Short: “I have passed through the Canal from its entrance into the Mediterranean at Cette to this place, and shall be immediately at Toulouse, in the whole 200 American miles, by water; having employed in examining all it’s details nine days, one of which was spent in making a tour of 40 miles on horseback, among the Montagnes noires, to see the manner in which water has been collected to supply the canal; the other eight on the canal itself.. I dismounted my carriage from it’s wheels, placed it on the deck of a light bark, and was thus towed on the canal instead of the post road…Of all the methods of traveling I have ever tried this is the pleasantest. I walk the greater part of the way along the banks of the canal, level, and lined with a double row of trees which furnish shade. When fatigued I take seat in my carriage where, as much at ease as if in my study, I read, write, or observe.” (Papers Volume 11, page 372, May 21, 1787)	+	The Canal of Languedoc (today known as the Canal du Midi) was of great interest to Jefferson. This waterway, dating to the seventeenth century, united the Mediterranean with the Atlantic Ocean. He wrote to William Short: “I have passed through the Canal from it’s entrance into the mediterranean at Cette to this place, and shall be immediately at Toulouse, in the whole 200 American miles, by water; having employed in examining all it’s details nine days, one of which was spent in making a tour of 40 miles on horseback, among the Montagnes noires, to see the manner in which water has been collected to supply the canal; the other eight on the canal itself. I dismounted my carriage from it’s wheels, placed it on the deck of a light bark, and was thus towed on the canal instead of the post road. That I might be perfectly master of all the delays necessary, I hired a bark to myself by the day, and have made from 20. to 35 miles a day, according to circumstances, always sleeping ashore. Of all the methods of travelling I have ever tried this is the pleasantest. I walk the greater part of the way along the banks of the canal, level, and lined with a double row of trees which furnish shade. When fatigued I take seat in my carriage where, as much at ease as if in my study, I read, write, or observe.”<ref>Jefferson to Short, March 27, 1787, in [[Short Title List\|''PTJ'']], 11:372.</ref>
-	For additional information about Jefferson’s travels in the Mediterranean: see Lucia Stanton’s report: http://wiki.monticello.org/mediawiki/index.php/Mediterranean.	+
-	And report on Italy: http://wiki.monticello.org/mediawiki/index.php/Italy	+

	Jefferson began traveling again in his carriage on May 22, 1787. He reached Bordeaux late on May 24, 1787 and stayed at the Hôtel Richelieu where he enjoyed fresh cherries, peas, and strawberries. On May 28 he ferried across the Garonne and stayed in Blaye overnight. The next day he traveled the northwest route to La Rochelle. From La Rochelle he went to Nantes . On June 1, 1787 he left Nantes and made his way to the north shore of Loire. By June 6th he arrived at Aucenis, changed horses but didn’t visit the sites of the town and continued on to the north bank of Loire. At Amboise he did some sightseeing and had carriage repairs. By June 10th he reached Paris after being away more than three months.		Jefferson began traveling again in his carriage on May 22, 1787. He reached Bordeaux late on May 24, 1787 and stayed at the Hôtel Richelieu where he enjoyed fresh cherries, peas, and strawberries. On May 28 he ferried across the Garonne and stayed in Blaye overnight. The next day he traveled the northwest route to La Rochelle. From La Rochelle he went to Nantes . On June 1, 1787 he left Nantes and made his way to the north shore of Loire. By June 6th he arrived at Aucenis, changed horses but didn’t visit the sites of the town and continued on to the north bank of Loire. At Amboise he did some sightseeing and had carriage repairs. By June 10th he reached Paris after being away more than three months.
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	<references/>		<references/>

		+	==See Also==
		+	*[[Italy]]
		+	*[[Mediterranean Journey (1787)]]

	Report : Betty Goss, May 5, 2009		Report : Betty Goss, May 5, 2009