Oval Flower Beds - Revision history

Bcraig at 14:35, 27 October 2009

Bcraig — Tue, 27 Oct 2009 14:35:17 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 14:35, 27 October 2009
Line 11:		Line 11:

	==Further Sources==		==Further Sources==
-	*Betts, Edwin M. and Hazlehurst Bolton Perkins, [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=3074 ''Thomas Jefferson’s flower garden at Monticello''] (Charlottesville: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, 1986).	+	*Betts, Edwin M. and Hazlehurst Bolton Perkins, [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=3074 ''Thomas Jefferson’s flower garden at Monticello''] Charlottesville: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, 1986.
	*Betts, [[Short Title List\|''Garden Book''.]]		*Betts, [[Short Title List\|''Garden Book''.]]
	*Thomas Jefferson Foundation Center for Historic Plants. http://www.monticello.org/chp/index.html		*Thomas Jefferson Foundation Center for Historic Plants. http://www.monticello.org/chp/index.html

Bcraig: Add Internal links

Bcraig — Wed, 05 Nov 2008 16:01:11 GMT

Add Internal links

←Older revision		Revision as of 16:01, 5 November 2008
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	[[Image:ovalbed.jpg\|right]]		[[Image:ovalbed.jpg\|right]]

-	There are two elements to the Monticello flower garden: the twenty '''oval beds''' immediately around the house and the winding walk flower border that defines the West Lawn. Although there were earlier references to the flower "borders," it was not until 1807, when Jefferson began to anticipate his retirement from the presidency, that the flower gardens began to assume their ultimate shape. He then sketched a plan for the twenty oval-shaped flower beds in the four corners or "angles" of the house. Each bed was planted with a different flower, and most of the seeds and bulbs had been forwarded by [[Bernard McMahon\| Bernard McMahon]], a [[Philadelphia]] nurseryman, author of The American Gardener's Calendar, and in many ways, Jefferson's gardening mentor.	+	There are two elements to the Monticello flower garden: the twenty '''oval beds''' immediately around the house and the winding walk flower border that defines the West Lawn. Although there were earlier references to the flower "borders," it was not until 1807, when Jefferson began to anticipate his retirement from the presidency, that the flower gardens began to assume their ultimate shape. He then sketched a plan for the twenty oval-shaped flower beds in the four corners or "angles" of the house. Each bed was planted with a different flower, and most of the seeds and bulbs had been forwarded by [[Bernard McMahon\| Bernard McMahon]], a [[Philadelphia]] nurseryman, author of [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=5466 ''The American Gardener's Calendar''], and in many ways, Jefferson's gardening mentor.

-	Although there were later notations concerning plantings in the oval beds in Jefferson's Garden Book, a remarkable diary detailing a lifetime of horticulture at Monticello, the 1807 plan was the most complete. The diversity of flower species represents the scope of his interests. Many of the flowers had been grown for centuries in Europe and were commonly cultivated in early American gardens, such as roses, the Sweet William, and the double white-flowering poppy. Others were curiosities, such as the winter cherry with its lantern-like fruits and the blackberry lily.	+	Although there were later notations concerning plantings in the oval beds in Jefferson's Garden Book, a remarkable diary detailing a lifetime of horticulture at Monticello, the 1807 plan was the most complete. The diversity of flower species represents the scope of his interests. Many of the flowers had been grown for centuries in Europe and were commonly cultivated in early American gardens, such as roses, the Sweet William, and the double white-flowering poppy. Others were curiosities, such as the winter cherry with its lantern-like fruits and the [[Blackberry Lily\|blackberry lily]].

	[[Image:twinleaf.jpg\|left]]		[[Image:twinleaf.jpg\|left]]
-	One bed was planted with [[twinleaf]] (''Jeffersonia diphylla'', shown at left) a rare, woodland wildflower that was named in Jefferson's honor in 1792 by Benjamin Barton, a noted early American botanist. Barton's tribute was inspired by Jefferson's "knowledge of natural history . . . especially in botany and zoology [which] is equalled by that of few persons in the United-States." Other North American natives planted in 1807 included the "Columbian lily" (''Fritillaria pudica''), collected by the Jefferson-sponsored Lewis and Clark expedition, and the Cardinal flower, which could have been found along the Rivanna River at the base of Monticello mountain. Twenty-five percent of the flowers cultivated at Monticello were North American natives, and the gardens became, in part, a museum of New World botanical curiosities.	+	One bed was planted with [[twinleaf]] (''Jeffersonia diphylla'', shown at left) a rare, woodland wildflower that was named in Jefferson's honor in 1792 by Benjamin Barton, a noted early American botanist. Barton's tribute was inspired by Jefferson's "knowledge of natural history . . . especially in botany and zoology [which] is equalled by that of few persons in the United-States." Other North American natives planted in 1807 included the "Columbian lily" (''Fritillaria pudica''), collected by the Jefferson-sponsored Lewis and Clark expedition, and the [[Cardinal Flower]], which could have been found along the Rivanna River at the base of Monticello mountain. Twenty-five percent of the flowers cultivated at Monticello were North American natives, and the gardens became, in part, a museum of New World botanical curiosities.

	Tulips, hyacinths, and anemones were among the flowering bulbs planted in 1807. Perhaps because they were so easily shipped long distances, bulbs played a significant role at Monticello. The tulip, for example, was the most commonly mentioned flower in Jefferson's Garden Book. Many of these bulbs were "florist's flowers," species highly refined through selective breeding by skilled European plantsmen.		Tulips, hyacinths, and anemones were among the flowering bulbs planted in 1807. Perhaps because they were so easily shipped long distances, bulbs played a significant role at Monticello. The tulip, for example, was the most commonly mentioned flower in Jefferson's Garden Book. Many of these bulbs were "florist's flowers," species highly refined through selective breeding by skilled European plantsmen.

Bcraig at 16:16, 20 October 2008

Bcraig — Mon, 20 Oct 2008 16:16:02 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 16:16, 20 October 2008
Line 6:		Line 6:

	[[Image:twinleaf.jpg\|left]]		[[Image:twinleaf.jpg\|left]]
-	One bed was planted with twinleaf (''Jeffersonia diphylla'', shown at left) a rare, woodland wildflower that was named in Jefferson's honor in 1792 by Benjamin Barton, a noted early American botanist. Barton's tribute was inspired by Jefferson's "knowledge of natural history . . . especially in botany and zoology [which] is equalled by that of few persons in the United-States." Other North American natives planted in 1807 included the "Columbian lily" (''Fritillaria pudica''), collected by the Jefferson-sponsored Lewis and Clark expedition, and the Cardinal flower, which could have been found along the Rivanna River at the base of Monticello mountain. Twenty-five percent of the flowers cultivated at Monticello were North American natives, and the gardens became, in part, a museum of New World botanical curiosities.	+	One bed was planted with [[twinleaf]] (''Jeffersonia diphylla'', shown at left) a rare, woodland wildflower that was named in Jefferson's honor in 1792 by Benjamin Barton, a noted early American botanist. Barton's tribute was inspired by Jefferson's "knowledge of natural history . . . especially in botany and zoology [which] is equalled by that of few persons in the United-States." Other North American natives planted in 1807 included the "Columbian lily" (''Fritillaria pudica''), collected by the Jefferson-sponsored Lewis and Clark expedition, and the Cardinal flower, which could have been found along the Rivanna River at the base of Monticello mountain. Twenty-five percent of the flowers cultivated at Monticello were North American natives, and the gardens became, in part, a museum of New World botanical curiosities.

	Tulips, hyacinths, and anemones were among the flowering bulbs planted in 1807. Perhaps because they were so easily shipped long distances, bulbs played a significant role at Monticello. The tulip, for example, was the most commonly mentioned flower in Jefferson's Garden Book. Many of these bulbs were "florist's flowers," species highly refined through selective breeding by skilled European plantsmen.		Tulips, hyacinths, and anemones were among the flowering bulbs planted in 1807. Perhaps because they were so easily shipped long distances, bulbs played a significant role at Monticello. The tulip, for example, was the most commonly mentioned flower in Jefferson's Garden Book. Many of these bulbs were "florist's flowers," species highly refined through selective breeding by skilled European plantsmen.

Bcraig at 19:14, 13 October 2008

Bcraig — Mon, 13 Oct 2008 19:14:08 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 19:14, 13 October 2008
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:ovalbed.jpg\|right]]		[[Image:ovalbed.jpg\|right]]

-	There are two elements to the Monticello flower garden: the twenty '''oval beds''' immediately around the house and the winding walk flower border that defines the West Lawn. Although there were earlier references to the flower "borders," it was not until 1807, when Jefferson began to anticipate his retirement from the presidency, that the flower gardens began to assume their ultimate shape. He then sketched a plan for the twenty oval-shaped flower beds in the four corners or "angles" of the house. Each bed was planted with a different flower, and most of the seeds and bulbs had been forwarded by [[Bernard McMahon\| Bernard McMahon]], a Philadelphia nurseryman, author of The American Gardener's Calendar, and in many ways, Jefferson's gardening mentor.	+	There are two elements to the Monticello flower garden: the twenty '''oval beds''' immediately around the house and the winding walk flower border that defines the West Lawn. Although there were earlier references to the flower "borders," it was not until 1807, when Jefferson began to anticipate his retirement from the presidency, that the flower gardens began to assume their ultimate shape. He then sketched a plan for the twenty oval-shaped flower beds in the four corners or "angles" of the house. Each bed was planted with a different flower, and most of the seeds and bulbs had been forwarded by [[Bernard McMahon\| Bernard McMahon]], a [[Philadelphia]] nurseryman, author of The American Gardener's Calendar, and in many ways, Jefferson's gardening mentor.

	Although there were later notations concerning plantings in the oval beds in Jefferson's Garden Book, a remarkable diary detailing a lifetime of horticulture at Monticello, the 1807 plan was the most complete. The diversity of flower species represents the scope of his interests. Many of the flowers had been grown for centuries in Europe and were commonly cultivated in early American gardens, such as roses, the Sweet William, and the double white-flowering poppy. Others were curiosities, such as the winter cherry with its lantern-like fruits and the blackberry lily.		Although there were later notations concerning plantings in the oval beds in Jefferson's Garden Book, a remarkable diary detailing a lifetime of horticulture at Monticello, the 1807 plan was the most complete. The diversity of flower species represents the scope of his interests. Many of the flowers had been grown for centuries in Europe and were commonly cultivated in early American gardens, such as roses, the Sweet William, and the double white-flowering poppy. Others were curiosities, such as the winter cherry with its lantern-like fruits and the blackberry lily.

Bcraig at 13:54, 30 July 2007

Bcraig — Mon, 30 Jul 2007 13:54:01 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 13:54, 30 July 2007
Line 6:		Line 6:

	[[Image:twinleaf.jpg\|left]]		[[Image:twinleaf.jpg\|left]]
-	One bed was planted with twinleaf (Jeffersonia diphylla, shown at left) a rare, woodland wildflower that was named in Jefferson's honor in 1792 by Benjamin Barton, a noted early American botanist. Barton's tribute was inspired by Jefferson's "knowledge of natural history . . . especially in botany and zoology [which] is equalled by that of few persons in the United-States." Other North American natives planted in 1807 included the "Columbian lily" (Fritillaria pudica), collected by the Jefferson-sponsored Lewis and Clark expedition, and the Cardinal flower, which could have been found along the Rivanna River at the base of Monticello mountain. Twenty-five percent of the flowers cultivated at Monticello were North American natives, and the gardens became, in part, a museum of New World botanical curiosities.	+	One bed was planted with twinleaf (''Jeffersonia diphylla'', shown at left) a rare, woodland wildflower that was named in Jefferson's honor in 1792 by Benjamin Barton, a noted early American botanist. Barton's tribute was inspired by Jefferson's "knowledge of natural history . . . especially in botany and zoology [which] is equalled by that of few persons in the United-States." Other North American natives planted in 1807 included the "Columbian lily" (''Fritillaria pudica''), collected by the Jefferson-sponsored Lewis and Clark expedition, and the Cardinal flower, which could have been found along the Rivanna River at the base of Monticello mountain. Twenty-five percent of the flowers cultivated at Monticello were North American natives, and the gardens became, in part, a museum of New World botanical curiosities.

	Tulips, hyacinths, and anemones were among the flowering bulbs planted in 1807. Perhaps because they were so easily shipped long distances, bulbs played a significant role at Monticello. The tulip, for example, was the most commonly mentioned flower in Jefferson's Garden Book. Many of these bulbs were "florist's flowers," species highly refined through selective breeding by skilled European plantsmen.		Tulips, hyacinths, and anemones were among the flowering bulbs planted in 1807. Perhaps because they were so easily shipped long distances, bulbs played a significant role at Monticello. The tulip, for example, was the most commonly mentioned flower in Jefferson's Garden Book. Many of these bulbs were "florist's flowers," species highly refined through selective breeding by skilled European plantsmen.

	==Further Sources==		==Further Sources==
-	*Betts, Edwin M. and Hazlehurst Bolton Perkins, [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=3074 Thomas Jefferson’s flower garden at Monticello] (Charlottesville: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, 1986).	+	*Betts, Edwin M. and Hazlehurst Bolton Perkins, [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=3074 ''Thomas Jefferson’s flower garden at Monticello''] (Charlottesville: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, 1986).
-	*Betts, [[Short Title List\|Garden Book.]]	+	*Betts, [[Short Title List\|''Garden Book''.]]
	*Thomas Jefferson Foundation Center for Historic Plants. http://www.monticello.org/chp/index.html		*Thomas Jefferson Foundation Center for Historic Plants. http://www.monticello.org/chp/index.html
-	*Hatch, Peter J. "The Gardens at Monticello," In [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=6445 Thomas Jefferson's Monticello.] (Charlottesville VA: Thomas Jefferson Foundation, 2002), 113-151.	+	*Hatch, Peter J. "The Gardens at Monticello," In [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=6445 ''Thomas Jefferson's Monticello''.] (Charlottesville VA: Thomas Jefferson Foundation, 2002), 113-151.
	*[http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&SL=none&SAB1=flower&BOOL1=all+of+these&FLD1=Title%2C+Author+%26+Subject+%28TASS%29&GRP1=AND+with+next+set&SAB2=monticello&BOOL2=all+of+these&FLD2=Keyword+Anywhere+%28GKEY%29&CNT=50 Look for sources in the Thomas Jefferson Portal]		*[http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&SL=none&SAB1=flower&BOOL1=all+of+these&FLD1=Title%2C+Author+%26+Subject+%28TASS%29&GRP1=AND+with+next+set&SAB2=monticello&BOOL2=all+of+these&FLD2=Keyword+Anywhere+%28GKEY%29&CNT=50 Look for sources in the Thomas Jefferson Portal]
		+
	[[Category:Agriculture and Gardening]]		[[Category:Agriculture and Gardening]]

Bcraig: /* Further Sources */

Bcraig — Wed, 02 May 2007 15:56:42 GMT

Further Sources

←Older revision		Revision as of 15:56, 2 May 2007
Line 15:		Line 15:
	*Thomas Jefferson Foundation Center for Historic Plants. http://www.monticello.org/chp/index.html		*Thomas Jefferson Foundation Center for Historic Plants. http://www.monticello.org/chp/index.html
	*Hatch, Peter J. "The Gardens at Monticello," In [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=6445 Thomas Jefferson's Monticello.] (Charlottesville VA: Thomas Jefferson Foundation, 2002), 113-151.		*Hatch, Peter J. "The Gardens at Monticello," In [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=6445 Thomas Jefferson's Monticello.] (Charlottesville VA: Thomas Jefferson Foundation, 2002), 113-151.
-	*[http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&SL=none&SAB1=flower&BOOL1=all+of+these&FLD1=Title%2C+Author+%26+Subject+%28TASS%29&GRP1=AND+with+next+set&SAB2=monticello&BOOL2=all+of+these&FLD2=Keyword+Anywhere+%28GKEY%29&CNT=50 Look for sources in the Jefferson Portal]	+	*[http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&SL=none&SAB1=flower&BOOL1=all+of+these&FLD1=Title%2C+Author+%26+Subject+%28TASS%29&GRP1=AND+with+next+set&SAB2=monticello&BOOL2=all+of+these&FLD2=Keyword+Anywhere+%28GKEY%29&CNT=50 Look for sources in the Thomas Jefferson Portal]
	[[Category:Agriculture and Gardening]]		[[Category:Agriculture and Gardening]]

Bcraig: /* Further Sources */

Bcraig — Wed, 02 May 2007 15:42:26 GMT

Further Sources

←Older revision		Revision as of 15:42, 2 May 2007
Line 15:		Line 15:
	*Thomas Jefferson Foundation Center for Historic Plants. http://www.monticello.org/chp/index.html		*Thomas Jefferson Foundation Center for Historic Plants. http://www.monticello.org/chp/index.html
	*Hatch, Peter J. "The Gardens at Monticello," In [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=6445 Thomas Jefferson's Monticello.] (Charlottesville VA: Thomas Jefferson Foundation, 2002), 113-151.		*Hatch, Peter J. "The Gardens at Monticello," In [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=6445 Thomas Jefferson's Monticello.] (Charlottesville VA: Thomas Jefferson Foundation, 2002), 113-151.
		+	*[http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?DB=local&SL=none&SAB1=flower&BOOL1=all+of+these&FLD1=Title%2C+Author+%26+Subject+%28TASS%29&GRP1=AND+with+next+set&SAB2=monticello&BOOL2=all+of+these&FLD2=Keyword+Anywhere+%28GKEY%29&CNT=50 Look for sources in the Jefferson Portal]
	[[Category:Agriculture and Gardening]]		[[Category:Agriculture and Gardening]]

Bcraig: /* Further Sources */

Bcraig — Tue, 17 Apr 2007 20:18:59 GMT

Further Sources

←Older revision		Revision as of 20:18, 17 April 2007
Line 11:		Line 11:

	==Further Sources==		==Further Sources==
-	Betts, Edwin M. and Hazlehurst Bolton Perkins, [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=3074 Thomas Jefferson’s flower garden at Monticello] (Charlottesville: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, 1986).<br>	+	*Betts, Edwin M. and Hazlehurst Bolton Perkins, [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=3074 Thomas Jefferson’s flower garden at Monticello] (Charlottesville: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, 1986).
-	Betts, [[Short Title List\|Garden Book.]]<br>	+	*Betts, [[Short Title List\|Garden Book.]]
-	Thomas Jefferson Foundation Center for Historic Plants. http://www.monticello.org/chp/index.html<br>	+	*Thomas Jefferson Foundation Center for Historic Plants. http://www.monticello.org/chp/index.html
-	Hatch, Peter J. "The Gardens at Monticello," In [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=6445 Thomas Jefferson's Monticello.] (Charlottesville VA: Thomas Jefferson Foundation, 2002), 113-151.<br>	+	*Hatch, Peter J. "The Gardens at Monticello," In [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=6445 Thomas Jefferson's Monticello.] (Charlottesville VA: Thomas Jefferson Foundation, 2002), 113-151.
	[[Category:Agriculture and Gardening]]		[[Category:Agriculture and Gardening]]

Bcraig at 14:46, 28 March 2007

Bcraig — Wed, 28 Mar 2007 14:46:32 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 14:46, 28 March 2007
Line 13:		Line 13:
	Betts, Edwin M. and Hazlehurst Bolton Perkins, [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=3074 Thomas Jefferson’s flower garden at Monticello] (Charlottesville: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, 1986).<br>		Betts, Edwin M. and Hazlehurst Bolton Perkins, [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=3074 Thomas Jefferson’s flower garden at Monticello] (Charlottesville: Thomas Jefferson Memorial Foundation, 1986).<br>
	Betts, [[Short Title List\|Garden Book.]]<br>		Betts, [[Short Title List\|Garden Book.]]<br>
-	[http://www.monticello.org/chp/index.html Center for Historic Plants]<br>	+	Thomas Jefferson Foundation Center for Historic Plants. http://www.monticello.org/chp/index.html<br>
	Hatch, Peter J. "The Gardens at Monticello," In [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=6445 Thomas Jefferson's Monticello.] (Charlottesville VA: Thomas Jefferson Foundation, 2002), 113-151.<br>		Hatch, Peter J. "The Gardens at Monticello," In [http://tjportal.monticello.org/cgi-bin/Pwebrecon.cgi?BBID=6445 Thomas Jefferson's Monticello.] (Charlottesville VA: Thomas Jefferson Foundation, 2002), 113-151.<br>
	[[Category:Agriculture and Gardening]]		[[Category:Agriculture and Gardening]]

Bcraig at 20:36, 27 March 2007

Bcraig — Tue, 27 Mar 2007 20:36:33 GMT

←Older revision		Revision as of 20:36, 27 March 2007
Line 1:		Line 1:
	[[Image:ovalbed.jpg\|right]]		[[Image:ovalbed.jpg\|right]]

-	There are two elements to the Monticello flower garden: the twenty '''oval beds''' immediately around the house and the winding walk flower border that defines the West Lawn. Although there were earlier references to the flower "borders," it was not until 1807, when Jefferson began to anticipate his retirement from the presidency, that the flower gardens began to assume their ultimate shape. He then sketched a plan for the twenty oval-shaped flower beds in the four corners or "angles" of the house. Each bed was planted with a different flower, and most of the seeds and bulbs had been forwarded by Bernard McMahon, a Philadelphia nurseryman, author of The American Gardener's Calendar, and in many ways, Jefferson's gardening mentor.	+	There are two elements to the Monticello flower garden: the twenty '''oval beds''' immediately around the house and the winding walk flower border that defines the West Lawn. Although there were earlier references to the flower "borders," it was not until 1807, when Jefferson began to anticipate his retirement from the presidency, that the flower gardens began to assume their ultimate shape. He then sketched a plan for the twenty oval-shaped flower beds in the four corners or "angles" of the house. Each bed was planted with a different flower, and most of the seeds and bulbs had been forwarded by [[Bernard McMahon\| Bernard McMahon]], a Philadelphia nurseryman, author of The American Gardener's Calendar, and in many ways, Jefferson's gardening mentor.

	Although there were later notations concerning plantings in the oval beds in Jefferson's Garden Book, a remarkable diary detailing a lifetime of horticulture at Monticello, the 1807 plan was the most complete. The diversity of flower species represents the scope of his interests. Many of the flowers had been grown for centuries in Europe and were commonly cultivated in early American gardens, such as roses, the Sweet William, and the double white-flowering poppy. Others were curiosities, such as the winter cherry with its lantern-like fruits and the blackberry lily.		Although there were later notations concerning plantings in the oval beds in Jefferson's Garden Book, a remarkable diary detailing a lifetime of horticulture at Monticello, the 1807 plan was the most complete. The diversity of flower species represents the scope of his interests. Many of the flowers had been grown for centuries in Europe and were commonly cultivated in early American gardens, such as roses, the Sweet William, and the double white-flowering poppy. Others were curiosities, such as the winter cherry with its lantern-like fruits and the blackberry lily.